Criminal Law Essays
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4th Amendment and Police Body Worn Cameras
Example essay. Last modified: 10th Jun 2021
Freund (2015) studied the body camera issue and the 4th amendment implications by comparing them to other surveillance devices. In his study, he focused on dashboard camera recordings and the surveillance cameras. He later found that the main difference is that where those two devices are usually placed, an ordinary citizen can not have a reasonable expectation of privacy...
A Criminally Liable is Established
Example essay. Last modified: 20th Dec 2019
A Criminally liable is established if the accused has been responsible for certain conduct proscribed by the criminal law and in relation to this conduct, the accused had the appropriate state of mind laid down by the law....
A Discussion of Homicide
Example essay. Last modified: 7th Aug 2019
Under the facts of the scenario, Vincent had died and this would warrant a discussion of homicide....
A Historical Summary and Analysis of Rape Law
Example essay. Last modified: 17th Jun 2019
This essay will consider the evolution of the law on rape, focusing on the: Sexual Offences Act 2003 and Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999....
A History of the Abolition of the Death Penalty
Example essay. Last modified: 17th Jun 2019
The argument against capital punishment was that it was overrated as a deterrent as it had a very high probability of imposing a fatal error....
Act or Omission Punishable by Law Under the Penal Code
Example essay. Last modified: 21st Sep 2021
Felony is defined under the penal code as an act or omission punishable by law, committed through culpa or dolo....
Actus Reus of a Crime
Example essay. Last modified: 3rd Nov 2020
The aim of this essay is to explain how an actus reus of a crime can still be formed without an actual criminal activity taking place, and how an actus reus can be formed. It will also explain what an actus reus is and how it is formed....
Admissibility of Expert Evidence in Criminal Proceeding
Example essay. Last modified: 7th Aug 2019
We seek to build an in depth account of Expert Evidence and will look at a number of issues such as the courts attitude to new technologies....
Adversarial and Inquisitorial Systems of Justice
Example essay. Last modified: 26th Aug 2021
Adversarial and inquisitorial systems of justice represent two different means of conducting trials with adversarial systems used in common law jurisdictions such as England and the inquisitorial system being prevalent in mainland Europe. This essay will outline the characteristics of each system and consider which one is best suited to the assessment and evaluation of facts....
Adversarial Criminal Justice System
Example essay. Last modified: 9th Nov 2020
In an adversarial criminal justice system, the victim of crime is almost entirely eliminated from an active role in the process of responding to the convicted offender....
Age of Criminal Responsibility
Example essay. Last modified: 9th Nov 2020
What does it mean to be a child in this modern era? Every person has experienced life as a child and could easily accumulate their own perspective, but that is exactly what it would be; a subjective definition that begins with infancy and ends when they reach adolescence....
American Judicial System
Example essay. Last modified: 7th Aug 2019
American Judicial System. The American judiciary system was found on the adversarial model. In the United State of America, the constitution founders believed that the only best form of government was one that would promote the welfare of an individual such as one social class or a director....
An Act Committed Without Mens Rea Cannot Properly Be Called a Crime
Example essay. Last modified: 9th Feb 2021
There has been a long going debate on how the law should regulate and act upon the society. One controversial topic which lies in the criminal......
An Overview and History of Rape Laws in the UK
Example essay. Last modified: 20th Jun 2019
Many of the problems surrounding the law of rape arise from attitudes to women and sex, and misconceptions about the offence itself....
Analysis of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act
Example essay. Last modified: 11th Jun 2019
What constitutes as resonable suspicion and whether is it discriminatory and if so, should it be reformed?...
Appropriation Under the Theft Act
Example essay. Last modified: 14th Aug 2019
The way in which the concept of appropriation under the Theft Act 1968 has been interpreted by subsequent case-law is unsatisfactory from both a practical and theoretical point of view....
Are Counter Terrorism Laws an Infringement on Freedom of Speech?
Example essay. Last modified: 7th Aug 2019
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Art is Product of Human Creativity
Example essay. Last modified: 12th Aug 2019
Art is subjective. Art is a product of human creativity and is nearly impossible to intrinsically define. So, it is unfortunate that to protect art from being copied, and therefore devalued, in the UK one must pigeon-hole it into narrow fields....
Assessment of Criminal Liability of Three Incidents
Example essay. Last modified: 14th Aug 2019
For the actus reus of assault to be established it would have to be shown that Paul apprehended the possibility of force being applied....
Both the Actus Reus and the Mens Rea Will Have to Be Proven
Example essay. Last modified: 7th Aug 2019
As with any criminal offence there has to be two parts to the crime, the Actus Reus and the Mens Rea. The Actus Reus is all the elements of a......
Burglary and Robbery Criminal Liability
Example essay. Last modified: 7th Aug 2019
To discuss whether Diane and Viv have any criminal liability to each other we have to know first what is burglary and robbery is. By s9 Theft Act l968:- A person is guilty of burglary...
Capital Punishment
Example essay. Last modified: 6th Aug 2019
Capital Punishment. It has been suggested that 'It costs several million dollars to induce a painless death...it costs approximately $35,000 a year to house...criminals in prisons'. However, punishment by death is 100% effective in respect of the murderer who faces execution....
Case Law Legislation and Violations Regarding Strip Searches Within Canada
Example essay. Last modified: 14th Aug 2019
Jennifer Grant Kwantlen Polytechnic University Strip searches are arguably one of the most intrusive forms of searches performed by police officers......
Case Study: Entrapment in Criminal Law
Example essay. Last modified: 17th Jun 2019
Prior to the enactment of the ECHR by the Human Rights Act 1998 there had been different interpretations of S101 of the Magistrates Court Act....
Case Summary of Speluncean Explorers
Example essay. Last modified: 26th Aug 2021
Once the explorers were cut off from society, they returned to a state of nature and society’s laws did not apply to them. This stems from the proposition that our law is predicated on the possibility of men’s coexistence in society. Our law functions to facilitate and improve men’s coexistence....
Causes of Wrongful Convictions
Example essay. Last modified: 7th Aug 2019
The causes of wrongful convictions have been attached to miscarriages of justice that occur due to procedural errors and system actors....
Changes in the Law of Evidence Over Time
Example essay. Last modified: 7th Aug 2019
This essay demonstrates that admissibility of prosecution evidence has become increasingly flexible and less technical and this is entirely justifiable....
Character Evidence and the Criminal Justice Act 2003
Example essay. Last modified: 6th Aug 2019
The Criminal Justice Act 2003 makes critical changes relating to the admissibility of bad character evidence in defendant and non-defendant witnesses....
Child Witness Powers and Protections in the Criminal Trial
Example essay. Last modified: 6th Aug 2019
A key feature of the modern adversarial criminal trial is the giving of oral evidence by witnesses and the testing of that evidence through cross-e......
Circumstantial Evidence Witness
Example essay. Last modified: 14th Aug 2019
Circumstantial Evidence Witness. Evidence means in any suit or proceedings of existence evidence is very important aspects. Such as if any body wants to know about a relevant fact that is by the evidence. The best proof is what he perceives through his own senses. In evidence documentary is primary evidence....
Community Crime Prevention
Example essay. Last modified: 16th Aug 2019
There is no one accepted definition for community policing. The term itself has become somewhat of a catch phrase for many ideas being simultaneously applied to the law enforcement field....
Comparative Criminal Justice Goes Global
Example essay. Last modified: 9th Nov 2020
In inviting readers to share his ‘ world view' of criminal procedure, Richard Vogler has contributed another confident critical voice to the rising chorus of scholars expressing dissatisfactions......
Computer Misuse Act
Example essay. Last modified: 7th Aug 2019
Computer Misuse Act. The Computer Misuse Act (1990) was introduced to help deal with the problems caused by the misuse of computers and communication systems, especially......
Consent for the Purposes of Sexual Offences
Example essay. Last modified: 7th Aug 2019
Described by the Home Office Review, Setting the Boundaries, as a ‘patchwork quilt of provisions’, the old law on sexual offences was a hodgepodge of archaic and discriminatory requirements....
Consequence of Offence Scenario
Example essay. Last modified: 14th Aug 2019
Referring back to the scenario it is evident that as a result of Bob’s actions two people have been killed i.e., Carol and John. With reference ......
Contemporary Hate Crime Legislation in the US
Example essay. Last modified: 7th Jun 2019
The rise in hate groups over the past two years has also been accompanied with the rise in hate crimes, particularly since the 2016 election....
Corporate Manslaughter - Shipping Safety
Example essay. Last modified: 7th Aug 2019
Corporate Manslaughter - Shipping Safety. The Herald of free enterprise was followed by so many deaths resulting from shipping accidents like the Piper Alpha disasterand a few others. There was also the general feelings that enough was not been done in terms of safety. As a response to this, in 1996 the law commission's report......
Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act
Example essay. Last modified: 6th Aug 2019
The Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act was given Royal assent on 26 July 2007. The offence came into force on 6 April 2008 and is called corporate manslaughter in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, and corporate homicide in Scotland...
Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act : Grenfell Tower
Example essay. Last modified: 7th Jun 2019
Once the Grenfell Tower Inquiry has concluded, the likelihood of subsequent prosecutions brought forward against the parties involved in the refurbishment of Grenfell Tower is evidently high....
Corruption of Probation and Parole Officers
Example essay. Last modified: 6th Aug 2019
A There are ethnical guidelines for probation and parole officers who are provided by the American correctional association code as well as by their own ethics code....
Courts and Fraud Exception
Example essay. Last modified: 7th Aug 2019
Courts and Fraud Exception. The development of English case law in relation to the fraud exception is based on an American case: Sztejn v. Henry Schroder Banking Corporation, this was a decision of Judge Shientag......
Crime Investigation Work
Example essay. Last modified: 14th Jun 2019
Crime Investigation Work. This paper examines recent trends in the use of informants by the law enforcement agencies in crime investigation work....
Criminal Evidence Justice
Example essay. Last modified: 14th Aug 2019
Criminal Evidence Justice. This essay will examine the laws and procedures relating to the disclosure of evidence in criminal cases in England and Wales. Has the government's introduction of legislation in relation to disclosure found a fair balance between the rights of those who are accused of criminal offences and those charged with......
Criminal Jurisdiction
Example essay. Last modified: 12th Aug 2019
A case is brought to court when an individual is accused of breaking the law....
Criminal Justice Remains a Big Challenge to Police
Example essay. Last modified: 8th Aug 2019
Since early 1970s, most research organizations found that, there are a lot of crime cases not only in US but across all countries. In US alone, it was reported that more than 33.6 million people in 1992......
Criminal Justice System Accommodate Young Offenders
Example essay. Last modified: 7th Aug 2019
In the golden ages it was believed that a child should be seen as a person and not as an object of concern however over time the treatment of children has been more enlightened....
Criminal Law
Example essay. Last modified: 6th Aug 2019
The issue of omission constituting to criminal liability, the laws, statues and precedents that go alongside it are extremely serious and widespread......
Criminal Law and Procedure
Example essay. Last modified: 9th Feb 2021
This assignment aims to consider the criminal liabilities of both Mr Stevens and Mr Edwards in regards to an incident that occurred on Monday 4th of October 2010 where a death of a man namely Mr Noname occurred. ...
Criminal Law and Procedure for Police and Criminal Evidence
Example essay. Last modified: 6th Aug 2019
The Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (PACE) along with its codes of practice, provides the foundation and structure for policing powers and secures these policing powers around stop and search, arrest, detention, investigation, identification and interviewing detainees....
Criminal Law Defendant
Example essay. Last modified: 6th Aug 2019
Criminal Law Defendant. There is a general recognition of human weakness in criminal law. Special defences are accorded in some areas such as the reduction from murder to manslaughter, circumstances of duress where an offender is overborne by threats of another......
Criminal Law Is There to Create Harmony
Example essay. Last modified: 9th Feb 2021
Criminal law is there to create harmony in the modern British society; to govern the way people behave (not like in the communist world). It is the......
Criminal Law Scenario
Example essay. Last modified: 6th Aug 2019
Criminal Law Scenario. There are many evidential issues raised in this scenario that could be considered points of appeal. It would appear from the evidence that is available that the defendants have a very good reason to appeal to the court of appeal....
Criminal Law Theory and History
Example essay. Last modified: 12th Aug 2019
Dr Elena Loizidou ‘To understand contemporary criminal law one has to put it in relation to other times. To imagine that we can understand the in......
Criminal Liability - Acts of Desperation
Example essay. Last modified: 14th Aug 2019
It seems to indicate that Karen needs some social assistance, illustrating the need for not criminal charges but referral to the Local Authority....
Criminal Liability May Be Partially or Totally Extinguished
Example essay. Last modified: 14th Aug 2019
Extinction of Criminal Liability Criminal liability may be partially or totally extinguished. Total Extinction means that the entire penalty is......
Criminal Liability: Burglary and Murder
Example essay. Last modified: 8th Aug 2019
Al and Bert plan to burgle Lord Snooty’s home. It can be said that they are conspiring together to commit the crime, an offence itself....
Criminal Liablility Requires Actus Reus and Mens Rea
Example essay. Last modified: 3rd Nov 2020
In general, the criminal liability requires the proof of both actus reus and mens rea before convicting a person. ...
Criminal or Civil Standard of Proof
Example essay. Last modified: 31st Aug 2021
The standard of proof, in essence, can be loosely defined as the quantum of evidence that must be presented before a Court before a fact can be said to exist or not exist. As the type of cases before a Court can be classified into criminal or civil, so can the standard of proof...
Criminal Trials: The Effect of Silence
Example essay. Last modified: 8th Aug 2019
Parliament has created a number of rules that allow the failure of the accused to answer allegations to be admitted as evidence of the defendant’s guilt....
Critical Issues in Policing and Crime Investigation
Example essay. Last modified: 12th Aug 2019
Due to an increased concern regarding the relationship between the Police and the public in the community of Glamville, the implementation of new policing methods must be considered in order to effectively create and maintain...
Cross Examinations in Rape and Sexual Offence Cases
Example essay. Last modified: 17th Jun 2019
The cross examination of complainants in sexual cases as to their sexual history was limited by the Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act, 1999....
Cross-examination Example
Example essay. Last modified: 7th Aug 2019
The purpose of this cross-examination will be to challenge the version of events put to the court by Tessa Grayling during the examination-in-chief....
Death Penalty for Juveniles in the Criminal Justice System
Example essay. Last modified: 7th Aug 2019
The following paper will examine the history of the death penalty, exactly what occurred during the case and why children are considered different under the eyes of the law. ...
Development of the Law
Example essay. Last modified: 7th Aug 2019
The principle that I am considering for this assignment is that it is manslaughter and not murder if a person kills or is party to a killing of another due to a loss of control....
Differences Between Murder and Manslaughter Charges
Example essay. Last modified: 16th Aug 2019
Defendants suffering from diminished responsibility should not be convicted for murder, as the person could significantly misjudge his mental state for his acts or omission by doing or by being part of the act such in R v Byrne [1960] case. ...
Differences between Subjective and Objective in Mens Rea
Example essay. Last modified: 9th Feb 2021
The terms subjective and objective mens rea refer to two methods of assessing mens rea. Mens rea simply means guilty mind and denotes fault or culpability of an offence...
Discuss Causation in Criminal Law
Example essay. Last modified: 14th Aug 2019
Generally, causation can be said to be a difficult area of law. Causation could be proved either through factual or legal causation. According to ......
Discuss the Law Relating to Omissions and Loco Parentis
Example essay. Last modified: 6th Aug 2019
...it is legitimate for the law to criminalize holding someone underwater so that they drown, but not to seek to compel......
Discussion: Juries Cannot Be Trusted to Decide Whether a Defendant Is Guilty
Example essay. Last modified: 18th Nov 2020
Jury is considered as the battleground for the criminal process because it is used in most of the high-profile cases of fraud, murder, rape etc....
Domestic Violence is a Worldwide Crime
Example essay. Last modified: 14th Aug 2019
Domestic Violence is a worldwide crime and occurs across cultures in every social grouping in society regardless of age, race, religion, gender or sexual orientation....
Driving Whilst Intoxicated
Example essay. Last modified: 7th Aug 2019
Driving Whilst Intoxicated. Debate on the topic of drink driving as a criminal offence is intense, divided and passionate. Some scholars like, Thomas Aquinas believed that intoxication was to some extent a defence, whereas Aristotle thought the punishment should be quite harsh......
Drug Abuse
Example essay. Last modified: 6th Aug 2019
Drug abuse is a serious social problem. The drug abuse is growing and an ever increasing number of youth is becoming addicted....
Drug Trafficking, Murder and Rape Are Three Crimes
Example essay. Last modified: 14th Aug 2019
Drug trafficking, murder and rape are three crimes which are very common in modern society (Hatzis, 2002). These crimes are capital offenses in some jurisdictions and they may attract a death sentence.......
Drunk Driving: Standards of Proof in Criminal Law
Example essay. Last modified: 15th Jun 2019
According to section 15(2) of the Road Traffic Offenders Act 1988, the prosecution can rely on the results of the breathalyser tests....
Duty of Disclosure in Case Law
Example essay. Last modified: 7th Aug 2019
If one was to consider risk, then the assumption that the insured knows more than the insurer stands valid by the duty of disclosure in case law....
Effect of Bad Character Evidence on Juries
Example essay. Last modified: 11th Jun 2019
This essay will discuss the seven gateways and the affect they could have upon a defendant....
Effect of Jogee and Ruddock on Law of Joint Association
Example essay. Last modified: 7th Jun 2019
This was a landmark appeal which was unanimously granted by the court of appeal portraying a reformation in common law....
Electronic Surveillance and RIPA
Example essay. Last modified: 11th Jun 2021
It will be argued that the increased use of electronic surveillance is unlikely to lead to the demise of human intelligence sources, this assignment will show that the two will work together and that regulation will ensure that that they will both enhance each other....
Elements of Duress, Necessity and Provocation
Example essay. Last modified: 18th Mar 2021
What are the elements of Duress, Necessity and Provocation, how are these differentiated in practice? Suggest ways in which the law may be made coherent....
England and Wales Court of Appeal
Example essay. Last modified: 14th Aug 2019
On 26 October 2006, in the Crown Court at Bournemouth, before HHJ Jarvis and a jury, Benjamin Bree , a 25 year old man of excellent previous character, was convicted of rape....
Enquiry into Knife Crime in Britain
Example essay. Last modified: 6th Aug 2019
On June 29th last year, sixteen-year-old Ben Kinsella was celebrating the end of his GSCE with his friends in Shillibeers Brasserie Bar, in London. During their celebrations trouble broke out between Ben’s friend Alfie and a man called Osman Ozdemir....
Establishing a Mens Rea in Criminal Law
Example essay. Last modified: 17th Jun 2019
There are several cases in which it has been found that intoxication, either through drugs or alcohol, can eliminate the defendant's intention to kill....
Ethics and the Three Strike Law
Example essay. Last modified: 12th Aug 2019
Discuss and critique the Ethical philosophy of a well known writer or individual....
Evaluation of Canada's Criminal Equity Framework
Example essay. Last modified: 9th Jun 2021
Canada's criminal equity framework is mind-excessive: government, common, regional, and city offices and associations all have an influence and offer obligation regarding the criminal equity framework....
Evaluation of Proposition 63, California's Safety for All Act
Example essay. Last modified: 9th Jun 2021
At this time in California, citizens must go through a background check to purchase firearms, but it is believed that this is not enough. Proposition 63 “The Safety for All Act”, states that citizens of California should not only have to go through a thorough background check to purchase firearms, but ammunition as well...
Evaluation of the Age of Criminal Responsibility in England and Wales
Example essay. Last modified: 1st Dec 2020
The current age of criminal responsibility in England & Wales is 10 years old, this ‘denotes the age at which any criminal justice system permits itself to bring criminal proceedings against a child who commits a crime....
Evidence Leaves the Matter in Doubt
Example essay. Last modified: 6th Aug 2019
The burden of proof (onus probandi) can be defined as a legal duty upon a party to prove or disprove a disputed fact or facts during the course of ......
Examining Consent as a Defence in Criminal Law
Example essay. Last modified: 7th Jun 2019
The concept of consent is widely used in common law as a defence for non-fatal offences such as battery of assault....
Examining the Issue of Police Induced False Confessions
Example essay. Last modified: 4th Dec 2020
One of the most leading causes of wrongful convictions are police induced false confessions. Police and courts do not usually keep records of these false confessions, and if the offender is convicted, it is much harder to prove they are innocent. ...
Fault Elements in Modern Criminal Law
Example essay. Last modified: 7th Aug 2019
One of the most important fault elements in modern criminal law is recklessness. Like intention, though generally less blameworthy, it can be a rather complex concept in determining mens rea....
Feminist Criticism of Criminal Law
Example essay. Last modified: 14th Jun 2019
There has been much research by feminists into the area of criminal law, particularly since the 1960’s, which has produced many criticisms of the law in this area....
Feminists have Argued that Criminal Law
Example essay. Last modified: 6th Aug 2019
Feminists have argued that criminal law has proven inadequate in its application of equality in relation to violence within the home and outside of it....
First Set of Laws Imposed on Humans
Example essay. Last modified: 12th Aug 2019
Initially, the first set of laws imposed on humans was the laws of the land created by God. These laws were created to established order, punish ......
First Term Criminal Assignment
Example essay. Last modified: 9th Feb 2021
For the evaluation of what offences have been committed in a crime there should be a clear presence of actus reus and mens rea, for the prosecution to prove the existence of both elements of an offence beyond reasonable doubt....
Forgery, Kidnapping and Robbery
Example essay. Last modified: 8th Aug 2019
Forgery is a crime that refers to as the making or creation of a counterfeit document, the modification of an existing document, or the signing of other's signature without authorization with the intent to deceive and deprive others (Online Legal Dictionary, 2009)....
Fraud
Example essay. Last modified: 12th Aug 2019
A fraud is an intentional deception made for personal gain or to damage another individual....
Gender Issues in Criminal Justice
Example essay. Last modified: 14th Aug 2019
Currently many government accords a lot of priority to womenn on issues related to talking with victims of rape in comparison to men. Although the history of criminal justice shows that females...
General Presumption in 10 Indian Rape Cases
Example essay. Last modified: 31st Aug 2021
The following are the 10 important cases relating to General Presumption under section 114A of The Indian Evidence act, 1872...
Government Judiciary Constitution
Example essay. Last modified: 6th Aug 2019
Government Judiciary Constitution. Central to the rule of law in a modern democratic society is the principle that the judiciary must be, and must be seen to be, independent of the executive.' Lord Hope, Miller v Dickinson [2002] 3 All ER 1041 PC...
Harassment in the Workplace: Victims of Discrimination
Example essay. Last modified: 8th Aug 2019
The issue of sex discrimination in the workplace has always been one in which the appropriateness of the woman’s behaviour has been subject to scrutiny....
History of Miranda Rights (USA) - The Fifth Amendment
Example essay. Last modified: 31st Aug 2021
This paper is a full explanation of what the Miranda rights are, causes related to Miranda rights and most importantly, the cause of Miranda rights and its significance today....
Homicide, Murder or Manslaughter
Example essay. Last modified: 9th Feb 2021
Homicide, Murder or Manslaughter. The victim has to be in being, ie a baby in the mother’s womb will not be considered as victim of homicide. Must be alive an independent of the mother....
ICC Criminal Law
Example essay. Last modified: 8th Aug 2019
ICC Criminal Law. The ICC has revolutionized international criminal law in many respects, one of which was enhancing the standing platform and participation for victims and witnesses of crimes. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the principal changes in this area introduced by the ICC Statute....
Impact of Legal Aid Cuts on Domestic Abuse and Immigration Cases
Example essay. Last modified: 7th Aug 2019
While campaigners against the cuts and reforms of legal aid in the United Kingdom seem to receive very little media attention, secondary sources of legislation ensure transparency of the most important and impactful measures taken by the government in creating political policies. ...
Indecent Images of Children (IIoC) Legislation
Example essay. Last modified: 7th Jun 2019
The most recent addition to the law of IIoC was made via section 64 of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009....
Individual Responsibility in War Crimes
Example essay. Last modified: 7th Aug 2019
Outline and discuss the notion of individual criminal responsibility for war crimes in the light of the Statute of the International Criminal Court....
Intention Knowledge and Wilful Blindness
Example essay. Last modified: 7th Aug 2019
The maxim that the trier of fact in a criminal trial could presume that the accused ‘knew the natural and probable consequences of his act’ was rejected in Malaysia by the Federal Court...
International Criminal Court
Example essay. Last modified: 6th Aug 2019
The International Criminal Court (ICC) is a permanent and independent body, based in Hague, Netherlands. The statute governing the Court is known as the Rome Statute, entered into force on July 1, 2002....
Intoxication of the Complainant
Example essay. Last modified: 12th Aug 2019
The situation where there is no capacity to consent because of self-induced intoxication of the complainant...
Investigatory Powers Act: State Security and Privacy Rights
Example essay. Last modified: 7th Jun 2019
Whether this Act presently means that individual privacy rights are now balanced correctly against state security is a little more complex in nature....
Involuntary Manslaughter
Example essay. Last modified: 12th Aug 2019
Now that Dr. Conrad Murray is expected to be indicted for involuntary manslaughter, it seems likely there will be another Los Angeles-based “trial of the century....
Involuntary Manslaughter
Example essay. Last modified: 14th Aug 2019
Involuntary Manslaughter - I am asked to advise in relation to the death of Alice, as it appears that Noah may have contributed significantly to this death. According to the facts, the death of Alice appears to have been caused by the events preceding Noah leaving the vessel in the life raft......
Issue of Adolescents Being Tried as Adults in Criminal Courts
Example essay. Last modified: 7th Aug 2019
Beginning in the 1970s and raising in the 1990s, there has been a significant increment in the quantity of adolescents attempted as grown-ups and an expansion to research the subject. ...
Issue of Consent in R v Brown
Example essay. Last modified: 22nd Sep 2021
The case of R v Brown [1994] 1 AC 212 demonstrates the potential for prejudice to affect outcomes in criminal law cases....
Issue of Consent in Sexual Offences
Example essay. Last modified: 11th Jun 2019
This essay predominantly aims to discuss the issue of rape and the element of consent which sits at the heart of the fundamentals that rule the subject of rape....
Issue of Self-defence
Example essay. Last modified: 6th Jan 2021
The applied issue of self-defence is whether actus rea was present. The case of Munir Hussain highlights the issue of when self-defence goes beyond the remit of law and the act becomes grievous bodily harm (GBH)....
Issues in Non-fatal Offences Against the Person in Law
Example essay. Last modified: 9th Feb 2021
In 1861, the Offences Against the Person Act (OAPA) was consolidated. This was the main statutory provision of the assault-related offences and they were ranked in some sort of hierarchy of seriousness in the terms of actus and mens rea....
Issues on Duress and Assessment of the Appeal of Erdemović
Example essay. Last modified: 18th Mar 2021
Defences are raised to excuse and justify criminal conduct, and if accepted by courts, they mitigate the sentence or acquit the defendant[...
Issues with Discrimination Laws
Example essay. Last modified: 11th Jun 2019
This essay considers the law of discrimination, specifically considering how the law does, and ought to select those groups of individuals whom warrant protection....
James Bulger and the Video Recordings Act 1984
Example essay. Last modified: 12th Aug 2019
An analysis of the effect moral panics have on the law through criminal cases begins with James Bulger’s murder in 1993. The Sun newspaper described the case as that horrific it ‘highlighted moral decay in Britain....
Journey Through the Criminal Justice System
Example essay. Last modified: 14th Aug 2019
The journey through the Criminal Justice System that one may have to take if he/she is ever stopped by a police for committing a crime is a long process. There are many different factors that influence one...
Judge Judgment Decision
Example essay. Last modified: 7th Aug 2019
There was never a more sterile controversy than that upon question whether judge makes law. Of course he does. How can he help it Lord Radcliffe)....
Judicial Power Rights
Example essay. Last modified: 14th Jun 2019
Judicial Power Rights. Discuss the constitutional significance of the process of Judicial Review of administrative action in the UK....
Jurisprudence Criminal Law
Example essay. Last modified: 7th Aug 2019
Jurisprudence Criminal Law Essay. The Act of Union was passed in 1800 fully integrating Ireland within the United Kingdom, a situation which remained until the Irish Constitution was sanctioned in 1922 with Article 73 perpetuating many accepted traits of English Common Law....
Jury Is a Body of People Gathered to Make a Decision
Example essay. Last modified: 14th Aug 2019
The number and strength of judges appointed by law and vary among countries, regions, and cases. The jury is very different in criminal law......
Jury Law System
Example essay. Last modified: 6th Aug 2019
Jury Law System - The issues, which are being discussed The historic decline of trial by Jury is to be welcomed....
Jury Selection and the Role of the Jury
Example essay. Last modified: 8th Aug 2019
Jury Selection and the Role of the Jury - The right to a trial by jury is specifically provided for two times in the U.S. Constitution: Trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by jury; and such trial shall be held in the State where...
Jury System Criminal
Example essay. Last modified: 8th Aug 2019
The issue, under discussion is The historic decline of trial by Jury is to be welcomed. Trial by Jury serves no useful function and should therefore be abolished....
Latest Techniques in Forensic Science
Example essay. Last modified: 3rd Jun 2019
Acid phosphatase activity is significantly greater in semen than in any other bodily fluid and so the colour change reaction should occur more rapidly, however, this is not sufficient to enable discrimination between AP from seminal sources, and AP from vaginal or other sources....
Law Governing Rape and Sexual Assault
Example essay. Last modified: 7th Aug 2019
The law governing rape and sexual assault is contained in the Sexual Offences Act 2003 (SOA 2003) which came into force on ......
Law Has Addressed the Problems Facing Victims of Rape
Example essay. Last modified: 3rd Nov 2020
Prior to the Sexual Offences Act 2003 (SOA 03). The proscribed act of rape was defined as the non-consensual sexual intercourse and the guilty state of mind was the intention to commit it or recklessness as to consent....
Law Is Basically Divided Into Two Categories
Example essay. Last modified: 12th Aug 2019
CRIMINAL LAW: The sole aim of the criminal law system is to punish the accused, and not to directly compensate the victim of a crime. A criminal......
Law of Causation Essay
Example essay. Last modified: 10th May 2021
Critically explain and discuss the law of causation, covering all relevant issues, including the general principles of causation and the situations in which the chain of causation is broken....
Law of Negligence
Example essay. Last modified: 7th Aug 2019
The federal Government commissioned a major review of the law of negligence....
Legal Aid, Sentencing, and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012 Impact
Example essay. Last modified: 7th Jun 2019
Since LASPO 2012 was implemented, more people are being denied access to justice....
Legal Burden of Proof
Example essay. Last modified: 6th Aug 2019
Any student of the law of evidence soon becomes familiar with the dictum of Viscount Sankey LC in Woolmington v DPP where he said:...
Legal Framework for the Offence of Conspiracy
Example essay. Last modified: 7th Aug 2019
A conspiracy is an alliance between two or more people with the motive of committing an unlawful act or an act which though lawful in itself, becomes unlawful once it is the object of the alliance....
Legal Personnel Involved in a Criminal Trial
Example essay. Last modified: 2nd Nov 2020
Using given case studies of criminal trials in different courts, explain the roles of both lay and legal personnel involved....
Legal System of Malaysia
Example essay. Last modified: 14th Aug 2019
Legal System Of Malaysia. There are various definitions of the term 'legal system'. A Legal System is the framework of rules and institutions within a nation regulating individual's relations with one another and between them and the government....
Legislation to Criminalise the Financing of Terrorism
Example essay. Last modified: 17th Oct 2019
Australian’s first reaction was the amendment of the Criminal Code in 2002 to include the offence of financing terrorism....
Liability in Prostitution, Hitting and HIV Infection
Example essay. Last modified: 6th Aug 2019
The answer will analyse the various crimes that could possibly be charged as well as defences that may be open to either of them....
Life Comprises of Certain Rules or Laws That We Have to Follow
Example essay. Last modified: 12th Aug 2019
England is one of the most leading tourism destinations for many excellent reasons. Through out the years, if there is a place where t......
M'Naghten Rules: Knowledge of Wrong and the Windle Case
Example essay. Last modified: 22nd Oct 2021
This essay will explore the understanding of M’Naghten Rules and the exploration of the Windle case. It will consider whether the “Knowledge of Wrong” as defined by M’Naghten is a satisfactory test of criminality or not, and explore the argument for a review....
Magistrates Search Warrant
Example essay. Last modified: 14th Aug 2019
Magistrates Search Warrant. A search warrant is basically an order from a court issued by either a judge or a magistrate who authorizes law enforcement to conduct a search of a location or of an individual for evidence of a criminal offence and seize the items....
Manslaughter Criminal Law
Example essay. Last modified: 6th Aug 2019
Manslaughter Criminal Law. A trained nanny was charged with manslaughter after forcing a child in her care to digest a large amount of salt. Although the child began to have convulsive reactions, the nanny did not seek medical assistance, nor did the parents after they returned....
Men's Rea
Example essay. Last modified: 7th Aug 2019
Men's Rea Law Essay. All the prosecution must show is that the defendant possessed the specified mental state or mens rea towards the required actus reus. This approach, however, as the title suggests, fails to take account of the way......
Mental Health Issues and Challenges in the Courts
Example essay. Last modified: 4th Dec 2020
Mental health is a significant issue in society today. It is even more concerning when it is related to its role within the criminal justice system....
Mentally Disordered Offender
Example essay. Last modified: 8th Aug 2019
With Reference To The Legal, Theoretical, And Practical Concerns, Discuss The Issues Raised By The Notion Of A ‘Mentally Disordered Offender’....
Mills Harm Principle
Example essay. Last modified: 7th Aug 2019
Mills Harm Principle. he harm principle, which seeks to express this crucial qualifier of traditional Hobbesian libertarianism, appears in John Stuart Mill's philosophical work, 'On Liberty', first published in 1859....
Miscarriage of Justice Case: Sally Clark
Example essay. Last modified: 5th Oct 2021
This paper has looked at miscarriages of justice, specifically related to the case of Sally Clark and the expert witness evidence used in her trial. The paper has aimed to show that despite their increasing use expert witness come with inherent problems....
Modern Domestic Violence Law: Critique and Suggestions
Example essay. Last modified: 8th Aug 2019
The author discusses problems in the Civil and Criminal Law provisions and concludes by suggesting reform options, such as a new jurisprudential approach....
Murder is Not Defined
Example essay. Last modified: 6th Jan 2021
The Dividing Line Between The Offences Of Murder And Involuntary Manslaughter Is Unacceptably Blurred And Does Not Ensure That Only The Most Morally Culpable Offenders Receive The Mandatory Life Sentence....
Non-consensual Sexual Aggression
Example essay. Last modified: 6th Aug 2019
This is a case where Susan claims being a victim of non-consensual sexual aggression after a date with Tom. Both were drunk. A used condom was found indicating that there had been sexual intercourse between the two....
OAPA 1861 Application in Non Fatal Offences
Example essay. Last modified: 24th Sep 2021
This essay will set out to explain the current law on non-fatal offences and examine whether the Offences Against the Person Act 1861 is satisfactory. ...
Offence of Murder
Example essay. Last modified: 3rd Nov 2020
In this scenario, the offence of murder will be focused upon....
Offences Against the Person Act
Example essay. Last modified: 14th Aug 2019
The scenario in question is focusing on the Offences Against the person Act (OAPA) as well as the area of consent....
Offences for Stalking Offences in Common Law
Example essay. Last modified: 14th Aug 2019
Public nuisance is the committal of an offence that causes obstruction and inconvenience that affects all (her) Majesty’s subjects....
Police Misconduct
Example essay. Last modified: 3rd Jun 2019
Detail at least one, if not two, specific ways in which law enforcement agencies can overcome police misconduct....
Police Power Arrest
Example essay. Last modified: 8th Aug 2019
Policing is the act of overseeing that people live in harmony. In its literal definition, policing can be said to be looking over how people do what they are supposed to do....
Police Powers Abuse
Example essay. Last modified: 14th Aug 2019
Police Powers Abuse. This question relates to the discussion of the interaction and compatibility of the use and abuse of the statutory police powers with the Civil liberties of individuals....
Policing Enforcing Rights
Example essay. Last modified: 6th Aug 2019
Policing is one of the most important requirements of a peaceful coexistence of the society. Policing can be described as an aspect of overseeing others to ensure that they keep to law and order....
Pre Trial Decisions and Rising Guilty Pleas
Example essay. Last modified: 11th Jun 2021
The ‘Mass Production Of Guilty Pleas’ Is The Primary Purpose Of The Pre Trial Decisions. Discuss. What is a guilty plea and how is it that the guilty pleas of defendants keep rising? Is it to do with mens rea? Or are they just doing as their told?...
Principle of Criminal Law
Example essay. Last modified: 14th Aug 2019
A fundamental principle of criminal law, with regards to the common law is that the prosecution has the element of proving the defendant's guilt in every aspect....
Principles of Criminal Liability: Intention and Recklessness
Example essay. Last modified: 3rd Nov 2020
This offence is the result of death that occurs as the outcome of another ‘unlawful act’ of which the actus reus and the mens rea require to be proven....
Prison Population Punishments
Example essay. Last modified: 14th Aug 2019
The prison population in England and Wales exceeded its current 'usable operational capacity' of just under 82,000 in February 2008....
Problems in Using Eyewitness Testimony
Example essay. Last modified: 31st May 2019
Eyewitnesses are used to identify culprits and remember conversations or various details, and sometimes provide the only evidence of identification....
Process of the Criminal Justice System
Example essay. Last modified: 7th May 2021
The first part of the criminal justice process is the arrest. An arrest can happen whether someone has committed the crime or not. There are many circumstances where probable cause is a factor in why someone is arrested....
Pros and Cons of Hate Crime Laws: Indiana
Example essay. Last modified: 6th Aug 2019
State hate crime laws impose tougher penalties on criminals who target their victims because of the victim's race, religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender, gender identity, or disability. ...
Protection from Racial and Sexual Victimisation
Example essay. Last modified: 7th Aug 2019
Critically evaluate protection afforded by the Sex Discrimination Act 1975 and Race Relations Act 1976 and subsequent decisions under Acts for victims....
Provide a Critical Evaluation of the Current Definition of Reckless
Example essay. Last modified: 12th Aug 2019
Recklessness is a problematic area of the criminal law, since there is no strict definition of what constitutes it......
Proving Actus Reus or Mens Rea: Examples
Example essay. Last modified: 7th Aug 2019
Even if the facts are insufficient to establish D’s guilt under s.18. D can still be charged with s.20 offence, it is not necessary to demonstrate intent....
Provocation Partial Defences to Murder
Example essay. Last modified: 14th Aug 2019
Provocation is one of the major partial defences to murder. The defence acknowledges human frailty and mitigates the punishment of the offence of murder....
Punishing the Guilty Protecting the Innocent
Example essay. Last modified: 13th Aug 2019
The purpose of the Criminal Justice System (CJS) is to deliver justice for all, by convicting and punishing the guilty and helping them to stop offending, while protecting the innocent....
Qualifications for Judges of District-level Court
Example essay. Last modified: 8th Aug 2019
.In many American states, judges are elected rather than appointed. Please briefly describe the appointment process in one state. Do you agree with state judges being elected in this manner? What might be done to improve the process?...
Racial Profiling in Policing
Example essay. Last modified: 12th Aug 2019
Does Racial Profiling occur in the British Police? A controversial issue in policing today is the alleged use of racial profiling by police to stop/search citizens.......
Radbruch's Formula
Example essay. Last modified: 24th May 2019
German jurist Gustav Radbruch published “Statutory Lawlessness and Supra-Statutory Law” (1946) in the wake of the defeat of the Nazi regime. The short article deals with the difficult problem of legal criminality under the Nazi regime and, to a degree,...
Rationale for the Rule Excluding Similar Fact Evidence
Example essay. Last modified: 16th Aug 2019
Introduction: The underlying rationale for the rule excluding similar fact evidence is that to allow it in every instance is to risk the conviction......
Recklessness in Criminal Liability Cases
Example essay. Last modified: 14th Aug 2019
With the exception of offences of strict liability, all criminal offences require proof of fault on the part of the accused....
Restitution under CPC
Example essay. Last modified: 20th Aug 2019
Restitution is an ancient institution which has had an established position in the history of law and justice....
Retribution & Reparation
Example essay. Last modified: 7th Aug 2019
Retribution & Reparation. This discussion is going explore the issues of retribution and reparation; it will consider the works of theorists such as Dworkin, Hart, Austin, Bentham, Rawls and Nozick and explore......
Right to Assistance of Counsel | History and Analysis
Example essay. Last modified: 11th Jun 2019
The need for the effective assistance of counsel is highlighted by one of the most recent cases to be argued in the Supreme Court....
Rights of Defendants
Example essay. Last modified: 7th Aug 2019
Rights of Defendants. Are the rights of the defendants sufficiently protected in Criminal Justice in England and Wales? success of the criminal prosecution is to be measured by the proportion of criminals whom......
Scope of ADR in Code of Criminal Procedure 1973
Example essay. Last modified: 6th Aug 2019
Our law of criminal procedure is mainly contained in the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 which has come into force from April 1, 1974. It provides......
Scottish Law of Evidence
Example essay. Last modified: 14th Aug 2019
One of the key aspects of the Scottish law of evidence is that no person may be convicted of a criminal charge on the evidence of a single witness....
Search Warrants
Example essay. Last modified: 7th Aug 2019
Search Warrants - In law, search warrant is a written order by an official of a court. The warrant gives an authorization to an officer to search a person in a specified place for specified objects and to confiscate...
Section 27 of the Theft Act 1968
Example essay. Last modified: 14th Aug 2019
Lisa said that Debbie always sorted those things out...
Self-control Theories of Crime
Example essay. Last modified: 3rd Jun 2019
To many citizens, politicians, and criminal justice practitioners, theory has a bad name, which is why in their minds, the word 'theory' means an irrelevant antonym of 'fact...
Self-defense
Example essay. Last modified: 6th Jan 2021
Since the Geneva Convention in 1949, the world has developed its technologies considerably, and the scope of the right of a nation to use force as an act of 'self-defense' is expanding (Antonopoulos, 2008)....
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